Molecular Characterization and Antiviral Analyses of Porcine Type III Interferons

The unique regulation and functions of type III interferons in antiviral immunity.

Type I interferons (IFNs) were long considered to be the sole IFN species produced by virus-infected cells until the discovery of type III IFNs (IFNλs), decades later. Like type I IFNs, type III IFNs are induced by and protect against viral infections, leading to the initial conclusion that the two IFN species are identical in regulation and biological functions. However, the two systems differ...

Detection, Cloning, Molecular Characterization and Phylogenic Analyses of a New Primate T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I in Olive Baboon

Type 1 Interferons and Antiviral CD8 T-Cell Responses

Type 1 interferons (IFNs) were the first cytokines discovered and include IFNb, .ten forms of IFNa, and several other related molecules that all bind to the same type 1 IFN receptor (IFN1R). Type 1 IFNs are commonly referred to as ‘‘viral’’ IFNs because they can be induced directly by virus infections, in contrast to ‘‘immune’’ IFN, or IFNc, which is synthesized after receptor engagement of T c...

Enhanced antiviral activity against foot-and-mouth disease virus by a combination of type I and II porcine interferons.

Previously, we showed that type I interferon (alpha/beta interferon [IFN-alpha/beta]) can inhibit foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) replication in cell culture, and swine inoculated with 10(9) PFU of human adenovirus type 5 expressing porcine IFN-alpha (Ad5-pIFN-alpha) were protected when challenged 1 day later. In this study, we found that type II pIFN (pIFN-gamma) also has antiviral activit...

Antiviral defense: interferons and beyond

Mice lacking the adaptor protein that initiates an antiviral response downstream of the RNA helicases retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) have recently been described. These studies highlight the essential and nonredundant role of nucleic acid recognition in the induction of type I interferon production and raise important questions regar...